Understanding Aroma Therapy Essay Example for Free

Understanding Aroma Therapy Essay Theoretical  â â â â â â â â â â With the different ways that physical agonies can be dealt with, people presently have a few choices and choices to browse. One includes the act of elective medication especially the act of aromatic healing. In spite of the fact that the overall impacts of such treatment might be emotional in nature, the detailed advantage that the training can make to people is an option in contrast to lion's share of practices and systems encompassing the domain of medication and treatment.  With the pertinent dynamic and unpleasant situations individual’s live in, it is crucial for every one to have their own outlet to unwind and discharge pressure. One methodology includes the act of fragrant healing meetings. By taking part in such, individuals can have an elective chance to loosen up, alleviate pressure and make a sentiment of straightforwardness and fulfillment. It is through this that the chance of elective treatments is placed at the center of attention and features its relative advantages and favorable circumstances Characterizing Aromatherapy  â â â â â â â â â â Like some other elective practices, fragrance based treatment uses a few components without the utilization of any prescription to ease the treatment. â€Å"Aromatherapy can be characterized as the craftsmanship and study of using normally removed sweet-smelling embodiments from plants to adjust, blend and advance the soundness of body, mind and spirit† (National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy, 2006). It looks to make restorative consequences for people who participate in it by utilizing different structures from the earth. â€Å"Aromatherapy uses unadulterated, characteristic, unadulterated sweet-smelling embodiments, called basic oils and hydrosols that originate from herbal material† (Wavelengths Natural Health, 2003). Depleting Benefits  â â â â â â â â â â Various people and experts of the referenced technique have exhibited the potential advantages that the training can do to singular wellbeing. Since the technique includes the feeling of smell, it depletes its advantages in the relative commitments it does on an individual’s mind and faculties. The utilization of aroma’s and hydrosols in this manner, is the significant component in separating its advantages. â€Å"Herein lies one of the ground-breaking advantages of fragrant healing †it can not just assistance to recuperate some physical awkward nature of the body, yet in addition influence feelings and memory† (Wavelengths Natural Health, 2003).  â â â â â â â â â â Another significant advantage that the training does is its commitment towards and individual’s nerve center. The nerve center makes and invigorates different conditions in an individual’s mind which thus can deplete positive reactions in man’s physical and enthusiastic state. â€Å"Hormones impact feelings and conduct just as direct the exercises of organs or explicit gatherings of cells in the body† (Wavelengths Natural Health, 2003). Propriety  â â â â â â â â â â The act of fragrance based treatment has been seen by numerous individuals as an approach to lighten pressure and weights from work and different exercises. Critical investigations have exhibited aromatherapy’s commitment to individual’s wellbeing. â€Å"In an investigation led at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital in New York, patients experiencing attractive reverberation imaging (MRI) detailed 63 percent less claustrophobic subsequent to getting presented to the smell of vanilla† (ICBS, Inc., 2007). What's more, there are likewise examines that demonstrate the impacts it contributes towards individuals who are debilitated. â€Å"In another examination, 122 patients who were in an emergency unit feeling greatly improved when fragrance based treatment was managed with the oil of lavender (contrasted with when they were just given a back rub or permitted to rest.)† (ICBS, Inc., 2007). Getting the data required  â â â â â â â â â â Exhausting relative data about fragrance based treatment requires a through comprehension about the extent of the point and its relative parts. Seeing this, the pertinent data for me is the related associations and affiliations that take into account the examination and improvement of fragrant healing. This data appeared to be dependable in light of the fact that they had depleted such data as a matter of fact and exploration.  â â â â â â â â â â On the other hand, there are a few that are least valid on my part. These include sites and reference book articles depicting the strategy and its practices. It needed validity since they just principally get realities from different sources or come up short on the profundity in exploration and data concerning the advantages of data. Disclaimers  â â â â â â â â â â Important conflicting data about this treatment includes different organizations guarantee towards aromas and hydrosols to contribute something for man’s advancement. It includes a specific type of administrative standard towards its guideline and control. Since smells and hydrosols in abundance additionally make negative ramifications among people, further guideline must be made to defend clients and benefactors of such technique. â€Å"In 1986, the organization cautioned that advertising a fragrance with a preventive or remedial case would make the item a medication subject to administrative action† (Barett, 2001). Further Questions  â â â â â â â â â â One significant inquiry encompassing the said strategy includes the correct measure of smells and hydrosols to be applied per meeting. Since the use of fragrances and smells is essential to accomplish a specific degree of helpful impact and then again its abundance can prompt negative ramifications, one must know about what amount ought to be applied to make the ideal inclination and advantage. Upholding the training Taking everything into account, seeing all the advantages and commitments that fragrance based treatment can make towards people, I can be slanted towards prescribing it to customers. I would particularly prescribe such elective treatment to individuals who are experiencing pressure and weights from work or to people who simply need to unwind. Simply make certain to go to a guaranteed and certify fragrance based treatment habitats in your general vicinity. These individuals can help you towards your individual needs and make better roads for fulfillment and mending. References Barrett, S. (2001) Aromatherapy: Making Dollars out of Scents. Recovered August 4, 2008 from http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/aroma.html ICBS, Inc. (2007) Which Problems would aromatherapy be able to Help? Consequences of Clinical Studies in All encompassing Online.com Retrieved August 4, 2008 from http://holisticonline.com/Aromatherapy/aroma_benefits.htm National Association of Holistic Aromatherapy. (2006) What is Aromatherapy. Recovered August 4, 2008 from http://www.naha.org/what_is_aromatherapy.htm Frequencies Natural Health (2003) Benefits of Aromatherapy. Recovered August 4, 2008 from, http://wlnaturalhealth.com/fragrance based treatment articles/benefits-of-aromatherapy.htm Frequencies Natural Health. (2003) What is Aromatherapy. Recovered August 4, 2008 from, http://wlnaturalhealth.com/fragrant healing articles/what-is-aromatherapy.htm

Macbeth Symbolism Essays (1579 words) - English-language Films

Macbeth Symbolism With its enlightening plot and intriguing cast of characters, William Shakespeare's play, Macbeth is probably the best work one would ever peruse. Be that as it may, most importantly, the part of the play is generally great and overpowering with symbolism and imagery that Shakespeare so splendidly employments. All through the play , the creator portrays different kinds of symbolism and imagery cases that , in the end , lead to the ruin of the principle character , Macbeth. Cases of symbolism and imagery are seen all through the play. Symbolism and imagery are unavoidable highlights in William Shakespeare's Macbeth. One of the most noticeable emblematic factors in the play is the nearness of blood. It has been noticed that the nearness of blood builds the emotions or dread , repulsiveness , what's more, torment (Spurgeon , Pg. 20). From the presence of the wicked sergeant in the second scene of the to the absolute last scene , there is a proceeded with vision of blood all through the play. The symbolism of blood appears to influence practically all the characters in the play. It influences Lady Macbeth in the scene in which she is discovered sleepwalking conversing with herself after the homicides of Duncan and Banquo : Here's the smell of the blood still. All the scents of Arabia won't improve this little hand. [V. I. 50-1] Also , the blood symbolism is available in the peculiar sisters , or witches. Most clearly , it is available in act four , scene one , when Macbeth visits the witches to look for their understanding and his fortune for what's to come. He is demonstrated three specters , one of which is a grisly kid that orders him to Be wicked , strong and unflinching : snicker to scorn... [IV. I. 79] Although blood symbolism manages practically all the characters of the play , no where is it more significant than with the hero himself , Macbeth. In the earliest reference point of the play , it is accounted for by the sergeant that Macbeth and Banquo are [bathing] in smelling wounds. [I. ii. 42] Again , blood is discovered frequenting Macbeth in act two , scene one of the play , in which a visionary blade is recolored with gouts of blood. In the equivalent act and scene , after the homicide Duncan , Macbeth cries pronounces that nothing , indeed extraordinary Neptune's seas , will have the option to rinse the blood that stains his hand : Will all extraordinary Neptune's sea wash this blood clean from my hand? No , this my hand will rather the incalculable oceans incarnadine , making the green one red. [II. ii. 58-60] Next , the picture of blood is prompted when Macbeth calls upon the bleeding and undetectable hand of night to help the killers he has recruited complete their death of Banquo and his child , Fleance. At that point , Macbeth understands that blood will have blood and that his lethal plots will all arrive at and end with his demise. At last , at the end of the meal scene , Macbeth admits that he is in blood , stepp'd in so far that , ought to [he] swim no more , returning [would be] as repetitive as to go o'er. [III. iv. 136-7] Through every one of these occasions of blood imagery what's more, symbolism , clearly Macbeth is about blood. (Muir , Pg. 271 ) One more type of imagery utilized in the play is that of unnaturalness. All through the work , it is utilized in the steady referral to Macbeth's wrongdoing of homicide and underscores the reality it isn't regular and , thus , is aconvulsion of nature. (Spurgeon , Pg. 20) Although ground-breaking , the possibility of unnaturalness happens generally in one piece of the play , preceding and after the homicide of Duncan. Macbeth , clearly annoyed by the demonstration that he had simply dedicated , states how Duncan's injuries look'd like a break in nature for ruin's inefficient passage. [II. iii. 118] Then , Macbeth proceeds by saying that he had killed rest , another unnatural event, I heard a voice cry , ?Sleep no more! Macbeth does murther sleep...Glamis hath murder'd rest , and thusly Cawdor will rest no more. Macbeth will rest no more.' [II. ii. 26-36] Next , the unnatural occasions of the night proceed with when Macduff and Lenox , Duncan's children , tell Macbeth of the peculiar occasions of the night, The night has been rowdy. Where we lay , our fireplaces

How to Write a Compare Essay - Essential Information For College Students

How to Write a Compare Essay - Essential Information For College StudentsWhile it may seem like a daunting task to learn how to write a contrast essay, the truth is that there are quite a few steps you can take to avoid the common pitfalls of this type of paper. By focusing on a few key points when writing your comparison essay, you will be better able to generate a better grade.Comparisons and Counter-Comparing are not always the same thing. You may be comparing two or more items that are similar and are in fact 'the same.' You may also be comparing a similar set of information to three or more items that are different. It really depends on the type of information you have, the goals of the essay, and your style. Take a look at some examples of the differences between the two types of essays below.One of the key things to know about how to write a compare essay is that when you are going to provide comparisons, make sure that they are based on facts. You should avoid relying on feel ings, opinions, stereotypes, or generalizations. When you create your examples, write down the specifics. Don't worry about trying to research everything. Doing so could turn the entire essay into an exercise in research.Most students have heard of the dreaded sentence before them, 'I didn't get it. I just don't get that.' This may not sound like a lot of praise, but it's meant to show you what you're missing out on. Instead, think of the word 'just' as a way to describe the knowledge that you do not have. By getting the idea of 'just' across to your reader, you'll be able to get your point across.As you learn how to write a compare essay, you should start to learn the importance of original sources. Withoutsources, you're taking the work out of the hands of your readers. Your own work isn't nearly as original as that of the other writer. Make sure that you fully research the information you are using so that it's the most accurate and up-to-date.Of course, your first step to learni ng how to write a compare essay should be learning about the skills required to produce a successful grade. This can be accomplished by reading material online or reading various websites that focus on writing skills. Remember that nothing is worse than writing the perfect essay only to find out that you couldn't even come close to completing it on your own.The most important point to remember about how to write a compare essay is that the information that you use is applicable to students in the class. Find a topic that is common in the class, then go out of your way to find examples of the topics you're going to address. The more you can demonstrate to the other students what the topics are, the more likely it is that they will take your ideas in their stride.These are just a few tips to get you started on how to write a compare essay. There are also lots of resources available online that can help you build up your skills in this area.

Although The Author Of Luke’S Gospel Is Not Directly Stated,

Although the author of Luke’s Gospel is not directly stated, scholars agree that it was more than likely Luke, a doctor, Gentile, and companion of Paul. This was due to the fact that many early Church traditions identity this man as having written about Jesus. Because he was writing primarily for Gentiles who had come into the Church after Jesus and were not raised in Jewish religion or culture, Luke had to be sure to stress that the faith was accessible to all who sought it. A prime example of this occurs in Luke 7:1-10. Proceeded immediately by two parables about the importance of selfless belief and heeding the word of the Lord, the non-Jewish Centurion acts as a paragon of faith to be imitated. The Roman Centurion, through both the†¦show more content†¦The Romans also divided the territory into five districts and appointed a Roman procurator to manage all political, military, and fiscal matters. This was essentially to destabilize the region and make popular upri sing and resistance impossible. Any rebellions that did rise up were harshly and brutally crushed; the people were made an example and the cities were often burnt to the ground. By 4 B.C Palestine was under direct Roman rule and soldiers were placed nearly everywhere to prevent insurgence. Capernaum the heart of Jesus’ ministry. He set up base where he called most of his apostles and often returned there to perform miracles and heal. It was also a major commercial and population center with large industry in fishing and agriculture. By being located on the Northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee the city was a central figure on an important international trade route. Therefore it made sense that a military presence would be located there, more than likely help guard the customs that passed through. However, in Capernaum there was no actual military presence in the city until 44 B.C.E; well after the time of Jesus’ death. The centurion in Luke’s Gospel was more th an likely part of Herod Antipas’ royal army and was set up in one of the largest cities that Antipas controlled. The client kings, as Herod was, appointed by the Roman government were required to keepShow MoreRelatedLuke (6:27) Love of Enemies Reflection Essay3068 Words   |  13 PagesGod acting with. The identification of who the author actually was, is important in showing how he wanted to convey the message that merciful love could be attained in his particular community. Identifying the individual is difficult to pinpoint because multiple sources suggest that the author of this Gospel never actually revealed himself.1 The time period in which he lived is difficult to identify too, but various accounts state that the author wasn’t an eyewitness to the ministry of Jesus. Read MoreWhy Mark 16 : 8?2204 Words   |  9 Pagesone thing that unites Christians across the globe, even if only loosely, it is the resurrection.† (Smith, 2010) As in the other three gospels, the narrator of Mark begins telling his rendition of the resurrection by recounting the visit by Mary Magdalene and her companions to the tomb of Jesus. Mark’s version of the story, however, differs significantly from Luke’s, Matthew’s, or John’s in one important way: the actual resurrection. Upon arriving, the women find the blocking stone at the entranceRead MoreThe Commissioning Of The Twelve4496 Words   |  18 Pagesthis; it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on the Day of Judgment then for that town. See, I am sending you out like sheep into the midst of wolves; so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves. In Matthew’s footnotes in the Gospel Parallels, we see that this has already been quoted before in two books, Numbers and 1King. â€Å"Which may go out before them, and which may go n before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them I; that the congregation of the Lord beRead More Matthew 17: 1-13 Essay3271 Words   |  14 PagesBefore anyone would be willing to die for another, they would need faith in Christ to do so. This passage provided the background context that directly affected my passage. Six days later Jesus took three disciples up the mountain to witness His transfiguration, thereby providing proof that He was the Son of God. The passage after my mine, although it does not affect my verse, it does reflect my verse because it tells what took place after Jesus and His disciples came down the mountain. Verses

Attend Service At Two Different Jewish Churches Essay

I chose to attend service at two different Jewish churches. The first one was Congregation Gesher L’Torah in Alpharetta, Georgia and the second was Congregation Beth Hallel in Roswell, Georgia. Though both were of the Judaism religion, there were some differences. I attended a Friday night service at Congregation Gesher L’Torah. My apprehensions about being black and going to a Jewish church made me invite a friend to go with me. I was glad I did, as the stares and long looks we got during the service validated my concerns. The church was rather small, but quite modern. There was a small playground in the back for children to play. All of the windows were made of beautiful stained glass. As we approached the church, we could see the Star of David positioned high in a large stained glass window. We spoke to a lady who was exiting the church as we were coming in, but she said nothing. Once inside, a man who was ushering came over to us and said, â€Å"Shabbat Shalom†. I had been greeted with Shalom many time before at my old church, but never â€Å"Shabbat Shalom†. I didn’t know what was appropriate to say, but somehow â€Å"Shalom† came spilling out of my mouth, and the usher nodded. He gave us two books, Siddur Sim Shalom (a prayer book) and Gesher L’Tefillah (another prayer book). My friend and I found it hard to follow the prayers and songs from each book because most of the text was in Hebrew and the Siddur Sim Shalom opened and was to be read from the back of the b ook with the pagesShow MoreRelatedComparative Analysis of Judaism and Christianity1529 Words   |  7 Pages are also known as the Children of Abraham because all three religions share the belief of the covenant Abraham made with God (Peters, 1) two thousand years before the time of Christ (Soltes, 11). In this covenant God promises Abraham a long life with many descendents and the land of Canaan in return for keeping faith with God (Oxtoby, 67). In both the Jewish and Christian religion there is a ceremony that is held to mark the day in which you become a part of your religious community. Jew’s areRead MoreMy Visit to a Jewish Synagogue Essay874 Words   |  4 PagesWednesday 9-12 When I visited my first Jewish synagogue, I expected it to be very different. My previous experience with religious ceremonies was limited to a few visits to Baptist churches. The most surprising thing for me at this one was, oddly enough, its similarity to Christian services and rituals. I went into the religious visit expecting an enormous difference in the customs and perhaps even in the attitudes of the people attending the service. What I found instead was a religious ceremonyRead MoreChristianity And The New Testament1311 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity is a religion that is based on the life experiences and teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament. Christianity is the largest religion on Earth, with over two billion followers which are called Christians. Jesus is believed to be the Son of God and the Savior of Humanity who is coming as Christ in the flesh which is prophesized in the Old Testament. Christian’s profession of faith is that Jesus suffered for everyone, died and was buried in the tomb, and was resurrected from theRead MoreI Signed Up For World Religions Class976 Words   |  4 Pagesclass due to it counting for two Minnesota transfer circular goals credit for human diversity goal seven and global perspective goal eight. I also sign up for World Religions class because it was something completely new to me. I went to a private Lutheran school preschool through eighth grade. Than to a high school that was heavily influenced by the neighboring churches. The biggest religious differences I had encounter before college was how Catholic and Lutherans different in teachings about MaryRead MoreEssay Religion in Society1181 Words   |  5 PagesReligion in Society Miriam, Deborah and Huldah all are names of prophets from the Bible; they also all happen to be women. There are even two books in the Bible about women, Esther and Ruth. Psalm 68:11 reads, The Lord gives the command; the women who proclaim the good tidings are a great host. With all of this support for women, why are they treated as the inferior sex in the church? The article, â€Å"Women and Gender; Reading the Bible through the Eyes of Women,† states that it is â€Å"crucialRead MoreThe Holy Bible, By William Miller1206 Words   |  5 Pageshave developed their beliefs on what religion and God is to them. Churches today still share similar traditions and beliefs as ancient churches, but yet there are so many sects of religion and followings. When you think Christianity you may miss count all the diverse teachings. With all these different teachings, they all teach from â€Å"The Holy Bible,† but the scripture is translated in my different perspectives. Even though churches all read from the same book, â€Å"The Holy Bible†, it all comes downRead MoreLetter Of The Jewish Community Center1638 Words   |  7 PagesZakhele Thwala Dr. Stigner REL 231 02 December 2015 MY Visit To A Jewish Synagogue The Washington, D.C. Jewish community Center, which is part of the Judaism faith, is located at DuPont Circle 1529, 16th Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036. On November 13, 2015, I visited the Shabbat Shalom service, which is usually held on Friday evening at 6.00 P.M. Personally, I am a Christian by religion, my active involvement in church activities started at the early age of 16 years and ever since my faith haveRead MoreEssay on The Caribbean Identity1507 Words   |  7 Pagesinsider’s view. It is the difference between a Caribbean person and Caribbeanist, respectively. Therefore, while on a logical level, an analytical level, Benà ­tez-Rojo and Mintz’s, conclusions as to Caribbean identity could rightly be accepted, these two authors do not possess the experience and intensity to make me as a reader, convinced of their conclusions. Benà ­tez-Rojo and Mintz do utilize imagery in their texts. For example, Benà ­tez-Rojo quotes E. Dovergier as a manner of displaying with imagesRead MoreThe 19 Major World Religions1537 Words   |  7 Pagesmade it easier for Jesus to spread the word of Christianity and the teachings of God. Jesus is also known to perform miracles that were known to save people. One of his most famous miracles was feeding 5000 people with just five loaves of bread and two fish. He is also famous for turning water into wine at the wedding feast a Cana. The miracles performed by Jesus were not simply magic tricks to entertain the audience, in Christian thinking they were spiritual signs that show a truth about God’s kingdomRead MoreThe world consists of so many different types of religions, and every religion has its own1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe world consists of so many different types of religions, and every religion has its own objectives, their own path, and their own different beli efs. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the three most prominent religions in the western civilization. From their origins to life rituals, they have a great amount of similarities and differences between these three prominent religions. The origin of Judaism initiated around 1812 BC and it is one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions. This religion

Gozinto Chart - 1493 Words

INTRODUCTION Gozinto Chart named after an Italian mathematician Professor Zepartzat Gozinto is from the word ‘goes into’ is used to provide overall microview of how materials and subassemblies are united to form finished products. It is often called Assembly chart (Shim and Siegel, 1999) In other words, it is a pictorial representation of a product that shows how the elements required to build a product fit together. Gozinto Chart is a schematic model that defines how parts go together, the order of assembly, and the overall structure of the product. This chart is ideal for getting a bird’s eye view of the process for producing most assembled products. It lists all major materials and components, subassembly operations, inspections and†¦show more content†¦BOMs that describe the sub-assemblies are referred to as modular BOMs. An example of this is the NAAMS BOM that is used in the automative industry to list all the components in an assembly line. The structure of the NAAMS BOM is System, Line, Tool, Unit and Detail (Miller, 2008). A Partial WBS (Gozinto Chart) for an Annual Tribute Dinner Project Source:Jafri Robani (2004) Project Planning, in Nancy R. Tague (ed) The Quality Tool Box, Oxford: ASQ Quality Press. Low-Level Coding It is particularly suitable when common parts exist at different levels. Low-level coding helps to accumulate all gross requirements of the common part and after that, to start the record processing. If an item is used in multiple levels, the low-level code of the item is the lowest level number. The low-level code assigned to any part number is based on the part’s usage in all products. Once low-level codes are established, MRP record processing proceeds from one level code to the next, starting at level 0. Within a level, the MRP record processing is typically done in part number sequence. See Figure 5.4 below: Excerpted from Nancy R. Tague’s The Quality Toolbox, Second Edition, ASQ Quality Press, 2004, pages 501-504. Shtub and Dar – El (1990) are of the view that the

Liberal Arts Finances and Psychology

Question: Discuss about theLiberal Arts for Finances and Psychology. Answer: Introduction Humanities and social sciences generally covenant with the human features like political affairs, law, linguistics, finances and psychology. It can be found that one of the main dissimilarities between the two is that humanities take into account a more decisive as well as systematic approach whereas communal sciences mostly deal with more of a methodical approach. Generally, normal science is the learning of the cosmos and how it operates, while community science is the through and in-depth study of human behavior (Baker, Baldwin Makker, 2012). Brain and cognitive sciences are structuring a connection between the two; however, there are still extended ways to truthfully understand that why people behave the way they do. The major reason social science is intricate to do meticulously is that it is hardly ever probable to slot in in the double-blind, proscribed experimentations, for equally the principled and sensible causes (Brophy, Alleman Halvorsen, 2012). The rapidity of change is speeding up every day, as the innovative expertise are gradually converting the way we imagine, work, engage in recreation and narrate to each other. In order to appreciate how tough it is to foresee the prospect now, they require only think of how tricky it established to forecast the prospect in the history. In the sciences, journal articles are the primary metric of productivity as well as success (Hartley, 2014). In case of humanities, these are the books. It is known that the scientists can write the books and the people of humanities can write the journal articles, however, this is not important. Manninen and Tuomela (2012) have stated in his research paper that a key dissimilarity lies in their approach as communal sciences are sciences and take on an additional systematic approach, while humanities are expressive and make utilize of investigative procedures in order to clarify the notions. This is the reason why one discovers lots of clarification in the communal sciences, but a lot more sympathetic in humanities (Hartley, 2014). It can be seen that the functions of communal science is to categorize, make clear as well as probably forecast human behaviors. On the other hand, functions of humanities are to better understand the meaning and purpose of the human experience. This focuses both on the nature of the human conditions as well as within each exclusive individual (Hartley, 2014). Moreover, it can be stated that humanities make known knowledge for enhanced exploring and addressing the huge questions and at the same time meeting all the challenges in the human condition (Baker, Baldwin Makker, 2012). Therefore, it can be added that social sciences look at larger social forces and on the other hand, humanities look at the personal issues. Hartley (2014) in his research paper has opined that normal science tends to based on repeatable trialing depending on repeatable observation of the normal occurrence. On the other hand to natural sciences, communal science tends to be based on non-repeatable testing and the procedure of scrutinizing very frequently breaks off the social communications endeavoring to be experimental (Brophy, Alleman Halvorsen, 2012). References Baker, V. L., Baldwin, R. G., Makker, S. (2012). Where Are They Now? Revisiting Breneman's Study of Liberal Arts Colleges.Liberal Education,98(3), 48-53. Brophy, J., Alleman, J., Halvorsen, A. L. (2012).Powerful social studies for elementary students. Cengage Learning. Hartley, M. (2014).Call to purpose: Mission-centered change at three liberal arts colleges. Routledge. Manninen, J., Tuomela, R. (Eds.). (2012).Essays on explanation and understanding: studies in the foundations of humanities and social sciences(Vol. 72). Springer Science Business Media.

Organizational Analysis Fidelity Investments

Introduction This paper presents an analysis of Fidelity Investments Group in terms of how it operates and ensures a competitive edge. The first section of this paper focuses on the mission of the organization, the industry in which it operates and its business environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Analysis: Fidelity Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second section looks into the organization’s strategies and organizational structure. Further, the paper looks into organizational culture in fidelity investments. The second final section of this paper focuses on how strategic controlled is ensured in the organization. Finally, this paper presents dimensions that are unique to this organization thus distinguishing it from others in the market. Based on discussed factors, recommendations are made in the conclusion in terms of how the organization could be improved. Organizational Mission Fidelity investments is an arm of Fidelity International that was founded in 1969 and has been in operation ever since. This firm specializes in capital management and offers diversified financial services to a myriad of customers. Currently, fidelity investment is considered a leading global mutual fund management firm. Some of the other services offered by the organization include financial consultancy i.e. advising corporations and individuals in terms of capital planning and expenditure. The firm offers brokerage services, insurance services, wealth management services; retirement benefits management services and all securities related services. The mission of the corporation is in line with becoming â€Å"a leading provider of investment management, retirement planning, portfolio guidance, brokerage, benefits outsourcing and other financial products and services to more than 20 million individuals, institutions and financial intermediaries† (FMR L LC). In line with the said mission focus, Fidelity Investments’ top management has devised, in close collaboration with subordinates, various goals. Organizational goals are set with the aim of focusing organizational energies on a given success tangent.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Griffin (177) points out, there is a clear link between organizational goals and organizational planning. Fidelity Investments strives to be the champion of best practices in the provision of financial services in the market. Its goals are in tandem with becoming the global leader that others follow when it comes to best practices in financial management. Currently, the focus of the company is on diversifying is services portfolio, attracting new revenue streams, driving profitability up and to proactively manage costs through cutting out unnecessary expenditure. Organizatio nal Strategy Fidelity Investments operates in a very competitive environment. Some of the key competitors of Fidelity Investments include state street corporation, Citigroup inc, Mellon corporation among numerous others (FMR LLC). Given it offers a diversified portfolio of services; it has competitors in several industries (FMR LLC). In 2011, Fidelity Investment has been ranked as one of the 14 leading brokerage firms in the world. This kind of rating comes due to the kind of operational strategies that the company has put in place. Generally, there are two bases of strategy i.e. organizational resources and designs. Griffin (78) points out that â€Å"the systems resource approach to organizational effectiveness focuses on the extent to which an organization can acquires the resources it needs†. Anchoring on both, the organization has been able to deliver value for customer’s money. The organization has built an edge by attracting the best minds in the market into its pool of employees. When it comes to product offering, the company has developed services portfolios that are tailored to the needs of its customers. In implementing strategies, their internal consistency thus plausibility and feasibility should guide the implementation process. Strategies have to be broken into specific actions that deliver on strategic objectives. There has to be interrelation and consistence in the specific actions flowing from each adopted strategy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Analysis: Fidelity Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each strategy should somehow have a bearing on other strategies i.e. they should mutually and intrinsically be complementary towards the same goals. The intrinsic consistency of strategies translates into the internal consistency in the specific actions to be carried out during implementation. This inner consistency and plausibil ity gives a sequence or order in which the implementation is to be done. In the case of Fidelity investments, the internal consistence has been achieved due to the synergistic approach adopted in the management of operations. At the organization, everyone matters and managers inspire everybody to operate excellently. Organizational Culture and Employee Motivation Human behavior unlike animal behavior often has a rationale behind it. It is widely accepted that even our instincts are based on a belief system or collective thoughts that inform our interpretation of situations. Fidelity Investments appreciates that workers are intelligent beings out to self-actualize through their every day work endeavors. Armstrong and Tina (3) define employee motivation in terms of the liveliness, ingenuity and dedication that employees bring into an organization or company. In the wake of the modern work conditions, employee motivation is a major concern in many organizations. Employees feel secure, satisfied and ready to work if they are motivated to work. Compensating employees is usually the highest cost in any organization. At Fidelity Investments, employee compensation is done in monetary terms or in the form of non-monetary benefits. The most commonly offered non-monetary benefits include items like medical cover, house allowance, entertainment allowance, and retirement benefits. Armstrong and Tina (7) indicate that the employees in the modern world are more impressed with the non-monetary benefits offered by the organization than the weight of the salary package. Some of the benefits employees appreciate most include â€Å"learning activities, flexible working hours, verbal praise, increased authority, and autonomy, time spent with the manager, time off from work, public praise, freedom to choose the tasks to perform and written praise† (Armstrong and Tina1). Monetary benefits are important but are no longer the topmost concern of employees. This is so given, more than they are with anything else; people are keener on comfortable working conditions.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the influential motivation theories is the needs theory attributed to Maslow. This theory contends that human needs are hierarchical and are consequently gratified in a hierarchical way. The hierarchy is organized in five levels of needs; the physiological needs, security and safety, belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization as the highest need in the pyramid (Armstrong and Tina18). Maslow emphasizes that the lower level needs are the basic human needs which must be satisfied first before the next need levels. The expectancy theory advanced by Vroom indicates that people tend to invest their efforts in order to attain desired performance. The strive to achieve desired level of performance because it leads to realization of personal expectations from employee (Armstrong Tina 98). The theory spells out three factors that influence an individuals’ level of motivation. The factors are expectancy, valence and instrumentality. Expectancy is the measure of outcome that a n individual perceives his or her effort in a particular task will result into. Employees become motivated to work on a particular task if the effort they invest yields an outcome equivalent to the effort. Fidelity Investments appreciates that employees are the most important asset in an organization (FMR LLC). Therefore, it strives as best as it can to have operations streamlined in a way that they are a self-actualization avenue for the employees. Secondly, in line with the expectancy theory, Fidelity Investments provides a total package that is meant to satisfy the employee’s expectations materially and spiritually (FMR LLC). Further, Fidelity Investments keenly seeks to find out employee needs through regular surveys and strives to address them. By doing so, Fidelity Investments strives to both legally and altruistically ensure it has a delighted workforce because only a delighted work force can delight customers. Just as it is the case in society, business organizations also have among its members different or diverse interests. Politics and conflicts are often driven by difference in interests or concerns. In organizations, the difference in interests often results into organizational politics and conflicts. Major conflicts in organizations are closely related to who has what power and what jurisdiction. The word power is often associated with negative connotations. However, close inspection indicates or dissipates any such connotations. It is latently believed or subconsciously held, in many cultures around the world, that power makes individuals exploit, mistreat malign and even enslave others. Therefore, when some people get some position of power, they tend interpret it as a license to lord over others. As demonstrated by Griffin (470), power is not bad in itself, it is the application or relation to power that demonizes it. In actual sense, each individual has some form of power or capacity within himself or herself (Armstrong and Tina 7). Po wer refers to or is synonymous to authority, influence, clout and control. Having power over others does not mean having leeway to coerce, manipulate and dominate. In the real sense, power only means one has capacity, a talent, a skill, knowledge that others can rely on. Therefore, the individual can provide direction or influence others positively towards a goal. There are different kinds of power; the most widely known ones being position power, legal power and personal power. In organizations, the basic struggle is striking a balance between personal power and position power. Conflicts in Fidelity are minimized because position power is pegged on personal power. Organizations cannot survive without control. Control, which is one of the fundamental functions of management, ensures everything in an organization is done in an orderly way. It is only through managing power in organizations that control is achieved (Griffin 472). Proper management of power in organizations means that each employee understands his or her position in the organization. Management at Fidelity Investments ensures a proper balance of power in the organization by focusing on meritocracy when recruiting employees (FMR LLC). Each employee who holds a given position has enough knowledge, skills and acumen to hold such a position. By so doing, position power is pegged on personal power thus reducing risk of conflicts. Fidelity Investments endeavors to empower all employees within its ranks. Empowerment of employees calls for power decentralization. When power is decentralized in an organization, it means the decision making process is decentralized as well. Therefore, the top management in Fidelity Investments sets the strategic tone but the junior managers pick up the same and make strategic decisions in their areas of operation in consultation with the board. Organizational Structure An organizational structure is a critical component that determines operations and power spread in an org anization. For an organization to achieve its objectives, the organization structure has to be one that allows or facilitates the same. The organizational structure shows how power is shared and balanced in an organization. It forms the central channels of communication and gives the basic reporting structure or official communication channels followed in an organization. The way an organization is systematically designed, planned and arranged determines how effectively and efficiently operations are done in the organization. The organizational structure of Fidelity Investments has been changing over the years in tandem with discerned organizational goals. For example, there were announced changes in the organizational structure of Fidelity Investments in September of 2006 (FMR LLC). Most recently, in 2009 the company announced major changes in its organizational structure in tandem with the changing market features and scope (FMR LLC). The top most management organ in the organizat ion is the board whose head is the C.E.O of the organization. The board consists of representatives drawn from different operational areas in the organization. Each representative is a manager in charge of a given product brand. In each region, there are CEOs of different outfits in different countries. The different outfits take on structures that are most responsive to the host country characteristics. In early conception years, management in the organization was function based. However, as the organization has developed and diversified its products, a matrix organization structure has been developed. The structure infuses functionality, divisional differences, and geographical spread into one structure that best serves the interests of Fidelity Investments as a group. The organizational structure is meant to reflect the global nature of the organization and the unique characteristics of the countries within which the firm operates. Strategic Controls in the Organization Due to th e nature of services offered, monitoring and evaluation are critical components of every operation. Strategic control consists in putting in place long term measures that would ensure deviations are identified and corrected. As defined by Griffins (646), control consists in ensuring processes do not go out of bounds i.e. beyond limits. There are always changes in the environment. Therefore, in as much as one may have a great plan and strategies in place, the environmental changes require close monitoring. Monitoring helps identify ways of improving on strategy or correcting deviations from strategy. Through proper plans, financial budgets and evaluative meetings, the organization keeps tabs on everything that happens in the organization. Organizational Uniqueness: Managing Diversity Due to technological changes especially in the communication and transport sector, the world has become one integrated market. Most organizations are keen on becoming global players. Globalization of an organization is the process of linking an organization to the worldwide market. This means that Fidelity draws its clients from all over the world. Further, the corporate clients that Fidelity Investment works with are also of international nature. Just like in the case of McDonalds, as shown by Griffin (69), with the emergence of multinational trading, the issue of managing in a diverse cultural setting is poignant. Employees have to interact with many industry players from other countries and cultures. Consequently, accommodation of difference is critical for maximization of productivity in a firm. At Fidelity Investments, respect and tolerance have been augmented as vital ingredients in dealing with individuals from other cultures and organizational types. Conclusion As shown in this paper, Fidelity Investments is an interesting firm that is on top of its game. It is well established and a trendsetter in terms of best practices in financial services. Power, organizational structu re and employee motivation are intricately connected. The case of Fidelity Investments illustrates clearly that the organizational structure determines power balance in an organization. A proper balance between personal power and position power is achieved when employees are recruited and promoted based purely on meritocracy. Further, when the organizational structure is good and management is interested in employee welfare, employees become motivated to continue work towards the realization of organizational goals. Works Cited Armstrong, Michaels Tina, Stephens. A Handbook of Employee Reward and Management. London: Kogan Page Limited, 2005. FMR LLC. About Fidelity Overview. Fidelity Investments. 2008. 5th May 2011. https://www.fidelity.com/about-fidelity/overview Griffin, Ricky, W. Management. 10th Ed. London: Cengage Learning, 2010. This research paper on Organizational Analysis: Fidelity Investments was written and submitted by user Jace W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cluster Analysis

Cluster Analysis Cluster analysis is a statistical technique used to identify how various units like people, groups, or societies can be grouped together because of characteristics they have in common. Also known as clustering, it is an exploratory data analysis tool that aims to sort different objects into groups in such a way that when they belong to the same group they have a maximal degree of association and when they do not belong to the same group their degree of association is minimal. Unlike some other statistical techniques, the structures that are uncovered through cluster analysis need no explanation or interpretation – it discovers structure in the data without explaining why they exist. What Is Clustering? Clustering exists in almost every aspect of our daily lives. Take, for example, items in a grocery store. Different types of items are always displayed in the same or nearby locations – meat, vegetables, soda, cereal, paper products, etc. Researchers often want to do the same with data and group objects or subjects into clusters that make sense. To take an example from social science, let’s say we are looking at countries and want to group them into clusters based on characteristics such as division of labor, militaries, technology, or educated population. We would find that Britain, Japan, France, Germany, and the United States have similar characteristics and would be clustered together. Uganda,  Nicaragua, and Pakistan would be also be grouped together in a different cluster because they share a different set of characteristics, including low levels of wealth, simpler divisions of labor, relatively unstable and undemocratic political institutions, and low technological development. Cluster analysis is typically used in the exploratory phase of research when the researcher does not have any pre-conceived hypotheses. It is commonly not the only statistical method used, but rather is done in the early stages of a project to help guide the rest of the analysis. For this reason, significance testing is usually neither relevant nor appropriate. There are several different types of cluster analysis. The two most commonly used are K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. K-means Clustering K-means clustering treats the observations in the data as objects having locations and distances from each other (note that the distances used in clustering often do not represent spatial distances). It partitions the objects into K mutually exclusive clusters so that objects within each cluster are as close to each other as possible and at the same time, as far from objects in other clusters as possible. Each cluster is then characterized by its mean or center point. Hierarchical Clustering Hierarchical clustering is a way to investigate groupings in the data simultaneously over a variety of scales and distances. It does this by creating a cluster tree with various levels. Unlike K-means clustering, the tree is not a single set of clusters. Rather, the tree is a multi-level hierarchy where clusters at one level are joined as clusters at the next higher level. The algorithm that is used starts with each case or variable in a separate cluster and then combines clusters until only one is left. This allows the researcher to decide what level of clustering is most appropriate for his or her research. Performing A Cluster Analysis Most statistics software programs can perform cluster analysis. In SPSS, select analyze from the menu, then classify and cluster analysis. In SAS, the proc cluster function can be used. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Impact of technology on Business Communication Essay

Impact of technology on Business Communication - Essay Example In fact, prospective clients or customers will be better impressed knowing they are dealing with businesses that have good business technology tools rather than one with out-dated resources. Business communication also involves internal contact and technology has also greatly improved this aspect in many organizations. With this, messages can be sent electronically instead of raising internal memos, which has a possibility of being missed when staffs are not informed. Managers travelling frequently can also keep in touch with the employees regularly and thus, obtain updates or resolve issues in an instant. Indeed, technology has allowed for a faster and more efficient way of business dealing. The creation of company websites and the availability of search engines mean businesses are at the advantage of reaching out to far more audiences, both internal and external parties, with the necessary information about the company, as well as its products and services. Of course, the benefits of technology are only apparent when users are ethical. Otherwise, it can do more harm than good.

Events form the history which have been influenced by the tax policy Essay

Events form the history which have been influenced by the tax policy issue - Essay Example The paper tells that in current modern environment, the world is moving towards 5th generation. People always want to live in safe and healthy environment. The safe and healthy environment only possible when the all the internal systems of a country in controlled in effective manner. For this purposes, governments of different countries have made quality tax rules to run the internal systems in efficient manner. The people pay the money in the form of taxes to governments and governments spend this money to rum the system of their country. There are many interesting events in the history that which have been influenced by the tax policy issue. An example of this can be seen in the case of Lady, Godiva. According to the popular legend, Lady Godiva rode naked through the streets of Coventry to protest against her husband oppressive tax system. She also appealed against her husband. Another recent example can be seen in the case of Tea party movement in the United States. The Tea Party movement is a political movement in America that is generally recognized as conventional and libertarian party. This Political movement is also supported by the political candidates. The main goals of this movement are to encourage the government to reduce capital spending and level of heavy taxes. Tea party movement also enforces the government to reduce the tax rate. The voters of Tea party movement think that excessive high taxes are a burden on the citizens of US. Tea party movement refers that the high taxes are the way of legalized robbery. There are two more events form the history is discussed in this essay. The first event is the American evolution and the second event is American civil war. These both events have been influenced by the tax policy issue. These events have been discussed in detail. The first part of the event contains description of the event. At the second part, The Relevance of the event to tax policy has been discussed. Last part contains the personal eva luation that I assessed from these events. American Revolution Description of the American Revolution American Revolution is one of the major events in history that make material influences on the tax policies. Generally, American Revolution was referred to a fight between Britain and America. According to history, the main reason of the American Resolution is the system of taxes that Britain imposed on American colonies. Britain imposed the taxation on approval of the parliament. They did not represent these taxes in the parliament. On the other hand, colonials did not want to pay taxes on their routine import and exports. Some of the biggest merchants also denied paying taxes on their trading. In 1607, these colonies were isolated form its mother country due to the French and Indian war1. The kind sates that, the colonies have ability to take care of their own matters. He argued that the colonials have the rights to settle their own external and internal disputes. In this mean tim e British are busy in foreign wars and they did not understand the complexity of this matter. At the end of these wars the British imposed taxes on colonies to restore them in previous state. Colonials denied following the new tax system because they thought that it is the violation of their natural rights. They do not have any liability to pay these taxes. They also state argued that these taxes are to pay off the cost of the wars between England and France. There are also other reasons of American Revolution but taxes are those were imposed to pay off the cost of wars acted as the oil on the flame. The people of the colonies did not want to pay taxes without a proper representation. American colonies always wanted to live as an independent nation. For this purpose, they had set

Lost in Translation Essay Example for Free

Lost in Translation Essay Eva Hoffman tells an outstanding story of her familys move from Poland to America in the late 1950s when Eva was a young 13 years old. Lost in Translation portrays Evas maturity through the growing pains of identity through her immigration experience. Language, culture, and perception are considered in Evas memoir of the immigrant experience. These are issues that most interpreters have encountered. When learning a new language we experienced a degree of the dislocation so eloquently described. Many aspects of Evas life change when she moves to Canada. Evas first day of school in Canada immedately protrays the new lifestyle in which she encounters. The teacher is unable to properly pronounce her name, Ewa, and is quick to Americanize the name to Eva. Many immigrants, presumably, go through the same occurance. Words do not sound the same or are not easily pronounced in a different language so they are changed to something easier in the language. Not only is Evas language lost, at this point her entire identity is stripped from her. Passion for the piano soon is lost with Evas new life in America. Culturally, the piano is not as prestigious of an occupation in Canada as it was in Poland. Writing becomes Evas new passion. Being able to completely grasp, understand, and articulate herself is what Eva wanted to express in life. Instead of expressing herself through music as she once had, she expressed herself through words. Each section can be seen as a period of growth. Paradise is fantacy, childish, and naà ¯ve. Exile describes adolescences, where finding oneself and an understanding of the world is through growth. And finally, the New World portrays Evas maturity of life experiences. She is finally able to truly comprehend her past and present world. Concluding the story Eva says, The way to jump over my Great Divide is to crawl back over it in English. Its only when I retell my whole story, back to the beginning, and from the beginning onward, in one language, that I can reconcile the voices within me with each other. Lost in Translation gives an analogy of Eva being lost, referring to life  as she immigrates into America. Eva also struggles with losing herself in the process of translation from Polish to English. As Eva matures and gains an understanding of the English language, culture, and life as a whole, she is able to go back in time to analyze and connect what really occurred throughout her life. Translation may be just as problematic as it pertains to the self introduced into a new language and culture as to linguistically understanding the language itself.

Synthetic Model of Bioethical Inquiry :: Biology

Bioethics and the Synthetic Model of Bioethical Inquiry ABSTRACT: Bioethics, viewed as both a form of reflective practice and a developing discipline, is concerned with the moral aspects of health care practice and research. With its steady maturation in the domain of moral discourse, bioethics has presided over a number of questions about the nature of human illness and how problems imposed by illness can be understood in an age marked not only by progress, but also by the concomitant fear that such progress will outstrip our humanity and our dignity as persons. I discuss some of the current tensions and ambiguities inherent in the field of bioethics as it continues to mature. In particular I focus on the present tendency in bioethics to bifurcate ethical theory and practice. I analyze some of the dichotomies resulting from such bifurcation. Finally, I call for an approach to bioethical discourse defined by the rigor of systematic and critical thinking characteristic of ethical theory, the disciplined eloquence and persuasive power of rh etoric, and the principles of Renaissance humanism. A new model of bioethics is proposed, one that synthesizes the analytic functions of moral theory with the practical and therapeutic functions of rhetorical humanism; such a model bridges the divide between theory and practice. This synthetic model of bioethical inquiry emerges from both ancient and contemporary debates about the possibility and nature of moral knowledge as well as from the moral teachings of humanists and rhetoricians throughout the history of ideas. The bioethics field has had an impressive impact on public, professional, and personal life in the last twenty five years. Bioethics, viewed as both a form of reflective practice and a developing discipline, is concerned with the moral aspects of health care practice and research. With its steady maturation in the domain of moral discourse, the field of bioethics has presided over a number of questions about the nature of human illness and how the problems imposed by illness can be understood in an age marked not only by progress, but by the concomitant fear that such progress will outstrip our humanity and our dignity as persons. This paper attempts to sort out some of the current tensions and ambiguities inherent in the field of bioethics as it continues to mature. In particular it focuses on the present tendency in bioethics to bifurcate ethical theory and practice and analyzes some of the dichotomies which result from it.

Contribution of Great Philosopher Jyotirao Phule Essay

Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was a great activist, thinker, social reformer, writer and philosopher. He contributed in flelds like education, agriculture, women and widow upliftment. DhananJay Keer, his biographer, mentions him as â€Å"the father of Indian social revolution† Source of Inspiration After being insulted at wedding of a Brahmin friend, Jyotirao decided to defy the caste system. He served Shudras and women who were deprived of all their rights as human beings. Social Actlvlsm He opened girl’s school in August 1848. As no teacher dared to work in a school in which untouchables were admitted as students, he educated his wife, Savitrlbai, and enabled her to teach the girls. On 24 September 1873, Jyotlrao formed ‘Satya Shodhak Samar. Maln objective of the organization was to liberate Shudras and Ati Shudras. Contributions in Primary Education Jyotirao was not satisfied with the quality of primary education imparted. Therefore, he came up with a list of actions to Improve It. Curriculum & Role of Teacher 1 OF3 Wanted curriculum should be utilitarian and practical so as to cover the needs of the society. Formulated the course content and included reading, writing, accounts, general history, general geography, grammar, elementary knowledge of agriculture and a few lessons on moral duties and sanitation. Teachers to be properly trained and certified. Teachers should mix with students freely and understand their wants and desires. Role of Governing Body Upgraded the supervising agency to have better monitoring over these primary schools. Compelled municipalities to maintain all the primary schools within their respective limits. Worked to get adequate grants for primary schools from provincial funds. Recommended that Government should formulate the scheme of scholarships and rewards for the needy and deserving students. Disbelieved in vedas He was criticized in disbelieving in vedas. He considered Vedas as ‘idle fantasies’ as ‘palpably absurd legends’. He considered Vedas a form of false consciousness’. He maintained that at the root of all calamities was the blind faith that religious books were created or inspired by god. All established religious and priestly classes find this blind faith useful for their purposes and they try their best to defend it. Criticized caste system Phule preferred British rule to the regime of the Brahmins. He was aware of the shortcomings of the former and he never hesitated to point them out openly. His mission was to bring about an egalitarian society where all men and women would enjoy liberty; Phule criticized the contemporary rulers if he felt that their policies went against lower caste, whether it was educational policy. the pernicious system of high class education. He complained against the government in neglecting the downtrodden masses. Conclusion Throughout his life, Jyotirao Phule fought for the emancipation of the downtrodden eople and the struggle, which he launched at a young age ended only when he died on 28th November, 1890. Though he was often accused of fomenting hatred between the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins, very rarely an attempt was made to consider his scathing criticism in a broad perspective. The later generations also took considerable time to understand and appreciate the profound significance of his unflinching espousal of the ‘rights of man’ which remained till the end of his life a major theme of his writings and a goal of his actions.

Chronic Cognitive Decline Of The American Culture - 970 Words

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Thomas Hobbes And John Locke Essay - 1441 Words

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Looking at the beliefs of Hobbes and Locke, it is clear that they agree that some form of government is needed to ensure a high quality of life. The two argued that people have rights, such as the right to life, liberty, property, and a foundation independent of the laws of any particular society, but Locke expressed the claim that men are naturally free and equal as part of the justification. Locke also expressed that people should give up a small portion of freedom for public service and security from the government. From this, I believe thatShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes886 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the differences in political theories expressed by both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. In, Leviathan, by Thomas Hobbes, and in, The Second Treatise of Government, by John Locke different theories of political legitimacy and definitions of the state of nature are described. 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This being said, people are also subject to theRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1426 Words   |  6 PagesBy the second half of the 17th Century, England would experience one of the bloodiest conflicts in its history, ultimately serving to influence some of the most phenomenal political philosophers in Europe --Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. England was in constant unrest, choosing new forms of government almost on a whim in desperate attempts to restore order in the Country. The English Civil War in 1642 etched a legacy of drea d in the people of England, and the war only appeared more disastrous andRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority. The following pages show how modern social contract theory especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheres we are a part of. For Hobbes and Locke, social contract theory sought to analyze the relationship between rulers and the ruledRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke1361 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes and John Locke were two English thinkers in the seventeenth-century who s ideas became a key to the Enlightenment. Baron de Montesquieu and Voltaire were philosophers who applied the methods of science to understand and improve society. Thomas Hobbes believed in a powerful gover nment. He believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish, and if they were not strictly controlled they would commit crimes and abuse one another. He believed that life with no government would be

Purpose Of A Nursing Research Study - 1646 Words

EBP to Formulate a Clinical Question The aim of the nursing profession is to investigate and to assess any issue that may impact patient life. This can be done by the research. The nursing research study has a tremendous influence on current and future professional nursing practice, thus rendering it an essential component of the educational process. The purpose of a nursing research study is to collect the information where the result may identify a solution to a problem. As a result, the research study would play a vital role in the nursing profession. Basically, there are two main types of research studies: quantitative and qualitative, that a research is able to conduct a research study. Each of this type has their own view in†¦show more content†¦Diabetes is a lifelong disease that is caused a reduction of production of insulin. There are many types of diabetes mellitus, but the most common are Type I Diabetes or Juvenile Onset Diabetes or Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), Type II or Non-Insulin- Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), and Gestational. The quantitative research study of PICOT question is based on the patient with diabetes. The refined PICOT question that is identified is: Patient with diabetes Type 2 is better to treat them with lifestyle change of with medications? â€Å"As the number of individuals with diabetes rises, so do problems associated with diabetes identification and management† (Packer-Tursman, 2015, p. 23). To manage the diabetic disease, applying the PICOT formulating question is important to identify the population who is at risk. After identifying the people who are at risk, the type management must be set as the intervention that would be applicable to these people. The requirement to manage the patients with diabetic should be easy and specific in which the patient would be able to follow to promote compliance. Many diabetic patients can be managed with a lifestyle change like to teach them about their diet and exercise. Nevertheless, there are some patients with diabetes would require medication like insulin regardless of the effort that has been deployed. This is where the practitioner needs to compare the patients who will be

A Nobel Writing Style Reviewed Essay Example For Students

A Nobel Writing Style Reviewed Essay Earnest Hemmingway is an accomplished author with a large audience. While short novels like The Old Man and the Sea have intrigued many, his war stories have won him a Nobel Prize. Hemmingway possesses a writing style all his own, his ability to write descriptively is unparalleled. His use of similar themes, symbolism, irony, and similar main characters is very profound. Hemmingways use of theme makes his writing style significant. In The Old Man and the Sea Santiago went through a lot of trouble to catch his magnificent fish and didnt want to loose it. The author writes, ?He did not want to look at the fish. He knew that half of him had been destroyed.? This quote shows Santiagos sadness over the destruction of the fish, due to a shark attack. After Santiago caught his gigantic fish, it was totally destroyed by a series of shark attacks as Santiago sailed it home. Hemmingway states, ?The shark came in a rush and the old man hit him as he shut his jaws.? This passage shows how Santiagos moment of happiness was ruined, and his desperate effort to protect his historical catch. In A Farewell to Arms Fredric did not want to lose Catherine. The hardships they experienced together drew them very close, so losing Catherine was ver difficult for Fredric. A quotation from page 332 states, ?It was like saying good-by to a statue.? This sentence reflects Fredri c trouble with letting her go and his desire for a last good-by with Catherine the person, not just her lifeless body. Also, in the two novels, once an awaited moment of happiness arrives, it is ruined shortly thereafter by an undesirable event. After Catherine had her baby, they discovered that it was dead. A quote from the final chapter refers to this, ?They couldnt start him breathing. The cord was caught around his neck or something.? This quote tells a reader that the baby was born lifeless, or else died shortly after birth. Catherine also died after she had her baby. Once again the quote, ?It was like saying good-by to a statue,? come into play. This time the quotation simply shows that Catherine is dead, and the happiness that the birth of a new child should bring was destroyed. Hemmingway also utilizes symbolism in his unique writing style. We will write a custom essay on A Nobel Writing Style Reviewed specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Earnest Hemmingway uses symbolism in his method of writhing. He writes, ?He is a great fish.? The amazing mass of the fish, as shown in the quote, symbolizes the extreme effort it would take to capture such a creature. However, the effort would normally reward a fisherman greatly. In A Farewell to Arms the author states, ?Im afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it.? This quote not only symbolizes but also foreshadows how unpleasant and sometimes dreadful things seem to happen to Catherine while it is raining. In chapter 16 it says, ?That night a bat flew into the room through the open door.? This occurs the night before Fredric is due to have an operation against the advise of three doctors, and symbolizes the possibility that he is not ready for the procedure and could be permanently damaged. ?They (the X-rays Fredric had taken of his legs) were in red envelopes.? Red is a symbol of death, war, and terror. A red envelope could symbolize the disastrous contents. Alon g with symbolism, Hemmingway makes a habit of using irony in his works of literature. Hemmingways use of irony in his stories is very evident. On page 110 of The Old Man and the Sea Santiago says, ?I wish it were a dream and that I had never hooked him. Im sorry about it fish. It makes everything wrong.? This is verbal irony because the old man had always wanted to catch such a fish. In chapter 14 of A Farewell to Arms Fredric is lying wounded in a hospital bed, the author states, ?Good morning, she said. ?Did you have a good night? ?Yes thanks very much.? This is verbal irony because Fredric was recently injured by a Mortar shell, the physical pain as well as the emotional pain of being uncertain of what the near future holds would be unbearable. Therefore Fredric could not have had a good night regardless of what drugs they may have given him. A quote spoken by Dr. Valintini states, ?Ill make you better than new.? This is verbal irony because Fredric was injured very badly and his legs would probably never be the same again let alone better than new. Hemmingway uses irony in his method of writing but he also has similar main characters. .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .postImageUrl , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:hover , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:visited , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:active { border:0!important; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:active , .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b1658ff3154c0af1ddd6c656b0a0a7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alternative Health Care EssayThe main characters in Hemmingways novels are often similar. For example, Santiago is similar to Fredric in that they are both pursuing something that requires great effort and will reap grand rewards. Santiago is trying to wear down the ?fish of a lifetime which will earn him much money of brought to market and sold. ?He is a great fish.? This quote shows the large profits Santiago could make off this large fish, so he could buy a radio to ?bring him to baseball. Fredric is courting Catherine. This requires great effort on his part because he has to prove his worth to her. If successful, he could be rewarded with a family. Fredric states, ?I w ant you to ruin me.? This quote shows that he is willing to sacrifice his bachelor status on Catherines behalf. Both Fredric and Santiago put the required effort into their pursuits and achieved their goals, only to have them spoiled. Fredric lost both Catherine and the baby during childbirth and sharks mutilated the fish. Ernest Hemingway, the Nobel Prize winning author, has a style that is both unique and extraordinary. His use of symbolism and irony requires a deeper thought process to fully interpret the content of his work. His use of theme and main characterization is strikingly similar from story to Nobel Prize winning story.

Otherwise known as anti-violence against women free essay sample

Violence comes in many forms. It is not just physical, like a black eye or a swollen face. Other forms of violence are less visible but equally painful and damaging. Incidents involving video-taping and the posting or circulating of such material has brought about many questions as to what kind of abuse or violence is punishable. There is currently no law that specifically punishes the acts of video-taping a sexual or other private act and circulating this content without the consent of the persons involved. I filed a bill in the senate known as The Anti-Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 that seeks to punish these acts. I hope this will be heard and passed into law soon. At present though, victims can take refuge in Republic Act 9262 otherwise known as the Anti-violence against Women and Children Act of 2004 which penalizes various forms of violence. A victim can also claim for damages. There has been a spate of cases filed against prominent male personalities by their wives/former ex-wives, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Otherwise known as anti-violence against women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For violation of Republic Act 9262. Some of those who filed include Kris Aquino, Sunshine Cruz, and even the wife of a former Senator. This begs the question, what is R. A. 9262? And why do all abused women use it against their significant others? R. A. 9262 is also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act (VAWC). It has become a favored tool for addressing the grievances of women in abusive relationships because of its expansive provisions. Violence against women and children are defined under the law as â€Å"any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbit round the world at least one woman in every three has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Every year, violence in the home and the community devastates the lives of millions of women. Gender-based violence kills and disables as many women between the ages of 15 and 44 as cancer, and its toll on womens health surpasses that of traffic accidents and malaria combined. 1 Violence against women is rooted in a global culture of discrimination which denies women equal rights with men and which legitimizes the appropriation of womens bodies for individual gratification or political ends. Violence against women feeds off discrimination and serves to reinforce it. When women are abused in custody, when they are raped by armed forces as spoils of war, or when they are terrorized by violence in the home, unequal power relations between men and women are both manifested and enforced. Violence against women is compounded by discrimination on the grounds of race, ethnicity, sexual identity, social status, class, and age. Such multiple forms of discrimination further restrict womens choices, increase their vulnerability to violence and make it even harder for women to obtain justice. There is an unbroken spectrum of violence that women face at the hands of people who exert control over them. States have the obligation to prevent, protect against, and punish violence against women whether perpetrated by private or public actors. States have a responsibility to uphold standards of due diligence and take steps to fulfill their responsibility to protect individuals from human rights abuses. Statement of the Problem Generally, the study sought to determine the implementation of R. A. 9262 otherwise known as Anti-Violence Against Women and Children in Calapan City Oriental Mindoro. Specifically, the study answered the following questions: 1. What is the impact of implementation of the R. A. 9262 in terms of: 1. 1 age 1. 2 gender 1. 3. healthcare 1. 4. penalty 1. 5. protection order? 2. What is the process of implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of: 2. 1 physical violence 2. 2 sexual violence 2. 3 psychological violence 2. 4 economic violence? 3. Is there a significant relationship between the impact and process of Implementation of R. A. Otherwise known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004 in Calapan City Oriental Mindoro? 4. Is there a significant difference on the impact of the Implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of age, gender, healthcare, penalty and protection order? 5. Is there a significant difference on the process of implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence and economic violence? Statement of the Hypothesis 1. There is no significant relationship between the process and impact of the implementation of R. A. 9262. 2. There is no significant difference on the impact of implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of age, gender, healthcare, penalty and protection order. There is no significant difference on the process of implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence and economic violence. Scope and Limitation of the Study The researcher focused on the impact and process of implementation of R. A. 9262 otherwise known as Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004 in Calapan City Oriental Mindoro. The study assessed the impact on implementation of R. A. 9262 in terms of age, gender, healthcare, penalty and protection order; and the process of R. A. 9262 in terms of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence and economic violence. Respondents of the study were the 75 children and women who were involved in this act. The questionnaire were administered at the selected barangays in Calapan City Oriental Mindoro covering academic year 2013-2014. Significance of the Study The study were significant to the following persons: Oriental Mindoro Police Personnel. This study may provide an insight on the significance of implementation of this act and competency in their tactical skills. Women’s Desk Personnel. The result of the study may guide the women’s desk personnel to improve their knowledge regarding the implementation of R. A. 9262 Women and Children . They would provide with information on the implementation of the R. A. 9262. Criminology Instructors. This study may enable the criminology instructor to assess the OJT performance of the intern and for the enhancement of criminology profession to produce globally competitive criminologist. Criminology Students. The result of the study may be helpful to the criminology students to determine the different acts and protection in the R. A. 9262 that should be strengthened. Future Researchers. They may use the information from the result of this study for further research. Definition of Terms For better understanding of this study, the following terms were operationally and conceptually defined: Barangay Protection Orders (BPOs)- refer to the protection order issued by the Punong Barangay ordering the perpetrator to desist from committing acts under Section 5 (a) and (b) of this Act. Battered Woman Syndrome- refers to a scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in battering relationships as a result of cumulative abuse. Battery- refers to an act of inflicting physical harm upon the woman or her child resulting to the physical and psychological or emotional distress. Children-refers to those below eighteen (18) years of age or older but are incapable of taking care of themselves as defined under Republic Act No. 7610. As used in this Act, it includes the biological children of the victim and other children under her care. Dating relationship- refers to a situation wherein the parties live as husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or are romantically involved over time and on a continuing basis during the course of the relationship. A casual acquaintance or ordinary socialization between two individuals in a business or social context is not a dating relationship. Domestic abuse- known as spousal abuse,that occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic abuse that includes physical violence is called domestic violence. Economic abuse- refers to acts that make or attempt to make a woman financially dependent. Physical Violence- refers to acts that include bodily or physical harm. Protection Orders- A protection order is an order issued under this act for the purpose of preventing further acts of violence against a woman or her child specified in Section 5 of this Act and granting other necessary relief. Psychological violence- refers to acts or omissions causing or likely to cause mental or emotional suffering of the victim such as but not limited to intimidation, harassment, stalking, damage to property, public ridicule or humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and mental infidelity. It includes causing or allowing the victim to witness the physical, sexual or psychological abuse of a member of the family to which the victim belongs, or to witness pornography in any form or to witness abusive injury to pets or to unlawful or unwanted deprivation of the right to custody and/or visitation of common children. Relief -granted under a protection order serve the purpose of safeguarding the victim from further harm, minimizing any disruption in the victims daily life, and facilitating the opportunity and ability of the victim to independently regain control over her life. Safe place or shelter- refers to any home or institution maintained or managed by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) or by any other agency or voluntary organization accredited by the DSWD for the purposes of this Act or any other suitable place the resident of which is willing temporarily to receive the victim. Sexual relations -refers to a single sexual act which may or may not result in the bearing of a common child. Sexual violence- refers to an act which is sexual in nature, committed against a woman or her child. Stalking refers to an intentional act committed by a person who, knowingly and without lawful justification follows the woman or her child or places the woman or her child under surveillance directly or indirectly or a combination thereof. Violence against women and their children refers to any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has a common child, or against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate, within or without the family abode, which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts, battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty. Theoretical Framework This study were anchored on the following reviews of management and motivation theories. The Expectancy Theory of Motivation by Vroom (2005) holds that people are motivated to do things and to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of the goal they set and if they can see that what they do will help them achieve it. Luther (2005) subscribes and said that everything done in the world is do ne in hope. (Santos, 2010) Vroom (2005) expanded that peoples motivation toward doing anything is largely determined by the value placed on the outcome and output of their effort(whether positive or negative), that is, multiplied by the confidence they have and their efforts will materially aid in achieving a goal. He pointed out that motivation is a product of the anticipated worth that an individual places on a goal and the chances he or she sees of achieving a goal, thus: (Force = valence x expectancy) where force is the strength of the persons motivation; valence is the strength of an individuals preference for an outcome; and expectancy, the probability that a particular action will lead to the desired outcome. (Santos, 2010) The precepts of the theory lend credence and basis to the present research study. The Calapan Police Station is institutionalized with multifarious objectives to accomplish and attain wherein its members are driven and motivated to maintain peace, order and establish the atmosphere of trust among women, children and youth by implementing the legal framework of peace keeping. In every effort taken by the Calapan Police Station it anticipates that positive results could be achieved because it fully perceives of overwhelming support it derives from the people aside from the fact that it has been endowed with technical, financial and human resources to succeed in its endeavor. Another theory which relates to the operations and services of thesis the Systems Theory to Operational Management by Weirich and Koontz(2003). They emphasized that an organized enterprise does not, of course, exist in a vacuum. It is rather dependent on its external environment which is a part of a larger system to which it belongs, the economic system and society. Thus, the enterprise receives inputs, transforms them, and exports the outputs to the environment. (Griffin, 2009) The inputs from the external environment include people, capital and managerial kills as well as technical knowledge and skills. Various groups of people make demands on the enterprise. Basically, managers transform the inputs, in an effective and efficient manner, into outputs. The transformation process can be viewed from different perspectives, thus, one can focus on such diverse enterprise functions as finance, production, personnel and marketing. Particularly, the transformation processes are viewed according to an approach to management. The relationship of the theory to the present research study points the significance of resources available at the Calapan Police Station , which it needs to use very effectively in implementing R. A. 9262. These resources, of whatever types and kinds, largely contribute to the success of the programs prepared for women, children and youth especially if proper management of resources used is planned together by the group. However, the insufficiency of the resources, may mean a partial or total failure. Meanwhile, the responses and reception of beneficiaries to the program are also valuable in determining the effectiveness of the R. A. 9262 in Calapan City. , thus, the Calapan Police Station could manifest satisfaction because it has been able to create better output from the inputs it has transformed. The Contingency Theory to Leadership as advanced by Fiedler (2003) is also related to the current research study. Contingency theory holds that people become leaders not only because of the attributes of their personalities but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members. (Carlos, 2007) Fiedler (2003) identifies three critical areas of leadership which help determine how leadership could be most effective, hence: position power; task structure; and leader-member relations are presented below: a. ) Position Power distinguishes a person from one another based on the power endowed to him. This helps leaders get members comply with directions and rules advocated by an organization. b. ) Task structure helps leaders in spelling out tasks to be assigned to a member whom leaders hold responsible for them. c. ) Leader-member relations determine how each and every member of an organization comes to like, trust and follow the leader. All concepts of an organization incorporated in the preceding theory are binding to the present research. It is the researchers view that Calapan City Police Station plans, implements and evaluates its R. A. 9262 based on how the organization is set up and expected to function as guided by some standard operating procedures and orders. The Chief of Operations is definitely followed and whose power and authority are perceived with due high respect, however, the same has to treat subject his members with due respect and dignity. This is how the Calapan City Police Station as the organization functions, because it is an structured, hierarchically ordered and the leaders/members conceived of the significant contributions of their respective roles to the implementation of peace keeping thrusts. From all the three foregoing theories, the Calapan City Police Station derives its power, basis and thoughts of planning and implementing R. A. 9262. The Systems Approach to Operational Management, of all situations, is properly fitted and most related to the present research study. In general, the operations and services rendered by the Provincial Jail are dependent upon the kind of management practice and techniques adhered to by the PNP organization. All the three enumerated theories are quite similar to each other because each one of them has concentration on effective organizational function as influenced by the fundamental principles of motivation, leadership, and management. These theories properly represent all of the variables used in this research. As such status of the implementation of R. A. 9262 may be anchored on the precepts of Vrooms Theory of Motivation. Level of contribution and extent of effectiveness of operational services of the Calapan City Police Station may be incorporated in either Systems Approach to Operational Management by Weirich and Koontz and the Contingency Theory of Leadership by Fiedler. Conceptual Model Based on the theoretical discussions, the conceptual model is drawn below. IV DV Figure 1 Hypothesized Relationship and Difference Between Variables Figure 1 presents the conceptual model of the study. Two variables are included in the study. The independent variable is the impact of the R. A. In  terms of age, gender, healthcare, penalty and protection order. The dependent variable is the process of the R. A. 9262 in terms of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence , and economic violence. The one-headed arrow signifies the hypothesized relationship between variables. The two headed arrows inside the independent and dependent variables test the difference on their variables or sub-indicators. Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES The following are the summary of readings synthesized by the researcher from various literature and studies which have significant bearing to the current study. Foreign Literature According to O’canor During the USE RA 9262 National Network of Family Violence Prevention Programs (NNFVPP) Partners’ Assembly last October 17-20, 2011, participants shared that there is now an increasing number of women victim-survivors who file for Barangay Protection Orders (BPO) or formal cases against perpetrators of abuse/violence against women and their children (VAWC). Most of them attributed this progress to the organization. Quincy (2009) mentioned that Domestic abuse, also known as spousal abuse, occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic abuse that includes physical violence is called domestic violence. Stuart (2001)mentioned that domestic violence and abuse are used for one purpose and one purpose only: to gain and maintain total control over you. An abuser doesn’t â€Å"play fair. † Abusers use fear, guilt, shame, and intimidation to wear you down and keep you under his or her thumb. Your abuser may also threaten you, hurt you, or hurt those around you. A World Bank (1993) study states that among women aged 15-44 worldwide, gender-based violence accounts for more death and ill-health than cancer, traffic injuries and malaria put together. Country-level studies of UNICEF (2000) estimates that there are 20 to 50 percent of women who have experienced domestic violence, making it the most prevalent form of gender-based violence. The same is true in the Philippines, where battering is the most prevalent, and rape second. Recognizing the seriousness of the problem. The data on violence against women and children is alarming. Congress passed R. A. No. 9262 which took effect on March 27, 2004. According to UNICEF,(2006) children living in families where domestic violence occurs may be exposed to intimate partner violence and abuse in a number of ways. They may be direct witnesses to abuse, may suffer harm incidental to the domestic abuse, may have their lives disrupted by moving or being separated from parents, may be used by the batterer to manipulate or gain control over the victim, and they themselves are more likely to be abused. Exposure to domestic violence is widespread internationally and it is associated with other forms of child maltreatment. According to the Federal (2010), domestic violence and abuse does not discriminate. It happens among heterosexual couples and in same-sex partnerships. It occurs within all age ranges, ethnic backgrounds, and economic levels. And while women are more commonly victimized, men are also abused—especially verbally and emotionally, although sometimes even physically as well. The bottom line is that abusive behavior is never acceptable, whether it’s coming from a man, a woman, a teenager, or an older adult. You deserve to feel valued, respected, and safe. According to Lundy Bancroft, among others, children are sometimes used by batterers to manipulate or spy on their victims, becoming a tool for the abusive partner. A batterer may threaten to take custody of or kidnap the children if the victim reports the abuse; he may also threaten to harm or kill the children. In addition, a batterer often insults and demeans his victim’s parenting of the children. He may also tell her that she will lose custody if she seeks help or tries to get a divorce because she allowed the abuse to happen. He may even harm the children in order to control their mother. During and after separation, batterers continue to use these tactics. Unsupervised visitation and joint custody, in particular, provide the batterer with opportunities to abuse, threaten and intimidate their former partners even when no longer living with them. Mothers’ and children’s human rights are violated by state actors in the U. S. such as the court system and child protection workers, which have been documented in Massachusetts and Arizona. According to the American Medical Association, the problem is not confined to the emergency departments. Physicians in all practice settings routinely see the consequences of violence and abuse, but often fail to acknowledge their violent etiologies, reported a 1994 AMA publication on domestic violence. By recognizing and treating the effects of domestic violence, and by providing referrals for shelter, counseling and advocacy, physicians can help battered women regain control of their lives. Local Literature Asia Society for Social Improvement and Sustainable Transformation (ASSIST) and the Women’s Crisis Center are holding Barangay Campaigns for the USE RA 9262 (Undertaking Survivors’ Experience in accessing RA 9262 – The Anti-Violence against Women and Children (Anti-VAWC) Act) Project on September 16, 17 and 18 in Brgy. UP Campus, Brgy. Bagong Silangan and Brgy. Sta. Lucia Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, yet the problem is often overlooked, excused, or denied. This is especially true when the abuse is psychological, rather than physical. Noticing and acknowledging the signs of an abusive relationshipis the first step to ending it. No one should live in fear of the person they love. If you recognize yourself or someone you know in the following warning signs and descriptions of abuse, reach out. There is help available. According to the PNP (2009), Melissa Martel stands out among thousands of women who suffered abuse because she is probably the first woman who got a Temporary Protection Order against her husband, whom she sued for Frustrated Parricide. The Family Court of Makati City issued a Temporary Protection Order on May 4, 2004, a day after Melissa’s petition. Without Republic Act No. 9262, otherwise known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004 (Anti-VAWCA), abused women would not have such an immediate relief. DSDW (2008, state that the Anti-VAWCA is a result of nine years of advocacy of victim-survivors, women’s rights and human rights advocates, non-government organizations, and government organizations led by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women. This law is also in compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) which the Senate ratified in 1981. According to, he has a three-year-old law, RA 9262, protecting the interests of battered wives and their children and giving substance to the equality of the sexes. Well and good. (Federico D. Pascual JR, 2004) But now some of the menfolk hit by the â€Å"Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004† complain that the law is skewed against the male partner as even abusive women are favored. There was this seaman, for instance, faithfully sending dollars to his wife. She was not communicating, because, he learned later, she was having an affair. One day the car he bought when he was still single figured in an accident while being driven by his wife’s paramour. When he refused to reconcile and live with his wife upon his return, she sued under RA 9262. The court issued a protection order and the seaman lost all his properties registered under his wife’s name. He was even ordered to surrender his car to her. In another case, a woman colluded with her live-in partner’s children from a prior marriage to partition for themselves the properties while the man was away serving sentence in prison. Soon after his return, the woman abandoned him and applied for a protection order by alleging physical and psychological violence. The woman then used the court order to try to evict him from his own residence without hearing.   According to the 2008 Statistical Report of the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCFRW), violence against women (VAW) cases in the Philippines rose to 21 percent from the 2007 report. With the implementation of the Republic Act 9262 (RA 9262) or the Anti Violence against Women and Children Act of 2004, it is alarming that the number of violations against women’s rights did not decrease and has in fact risen. Thus, the USE RA 9262 – Undertaking Survivors’ Experiences in accessing RA 9262 – Web Portal seeks to enhance the existing network of individual, groups, non government organizations (NGOs) and government institutions who are advocating the effective implementation of the law for the promotion of women’s rights. The USE RA 9262 Web Portal is a compendium of related literature, studies and discussions from the different stakeholders advancing anti violence against women and children (VAWC). Foreign Studies Researchers Evan Stark, directors of the University of Connecticut Health Care Centers Domestic Violence Training Project, on his study â€Å"Impact and Reaction on R. A. 9262† have concluded that domestic violence may be the single most common cause of injury among women seeking medical attention, surpassing auto accidents, muggings, and rape combined. Their studies show that 40 percent of the women seeking medical attention are, or have been, victims of such violence. They estimate that from 20 to 25 percent of the women in the United States––more than 12 million––are at risk of being abused by an intimate male partner. As many as 4 million women are battered each year in this country; nearly three thousand are killed. Melissa Wade, (2008) on her study entitled â€Å"Violence against Women and Children† found at that many women, victims of domestic violence, live in fear of pain and death. They are isolated, often lacking in self-esteem. They tend to blame themselves for what is happening and they try to explain away the bruises and broken bones. They may suffer depression and anxiety; some turn to drugs or alcohol and attempt suicide. A surprising number of them prove to be survivors; they develop strategies to endure and to protect themselves and their children. However, without help, escape is terrifyingly difficult. Few can simply walk away. Even if they flee, they may be stalked, harassed, or killed. Miley Wilhelm,(2009) on her Master’s Thesis entitled â€Å"Implementation of R. AS. 9262† found out that the traumatic impact of domestic violence on children is well documented. Rich or poor, these are children at risk. Most survive (often at great physical and emotional cost), others do poorly in school, drop out, or run away. Some turn to violent crime, some find marginal jobs, and others may even have successful careers. They have children and repeat the violent cycle: abused boys and girls who become abusive parents. Mary M. Ricafort, (2005) on her Master Thesis entitled â€Å"Effectiveness of R. A. 9292 on the Children and Women† found out that school children show that youngsters from violent homes are twice as likely to commit brutal acts as children growing up in nonviolent homes; victims of child abuse and/or neglect are far more apt to become violent teenagers; the highest rates of youth violence and criminal conduct occur where there is both spouse abuse and child abuse. Anne H. Flitcraft, (2008) on her study entitled â€Å"Violation against Women and Children† found out an alarming connection between family violence and violent juvenile behavior. Violence of all kinds is on the increase. U. S. Justice Department reports show that the number of juveniles charged with violent crimes is up sharply; the murder rates have more than doubled in two decades; the suicide rate has doubled. While their numbers may be relatively small, the most violent of these youngsters display shocking behavior. The damage they do is horrendous. The cost of apprehending and incarcerating these violent young criminals runs into the billions of dollars. Graham-Bermann Seng (2005),on their study entitled â€Å"Violence Exposure and Traumatic Stress Symptoms as Additional Predictors of Health Problems in High-Risk Children† found out that low-income pre-school children in the U. S. State of Michigan found that nearly half of the children in the study had been exposed to at least one incident of mild or severe violence in the family. Those children who had been exposed to violence suffered symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as bed-wetting or nightmares, and were at greater risk than their peers of having allergies, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, headaches and flu. Whitfield, Anda, Dube, Felittle (2003),on their study entitled †Violent Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Intimate Partner Violence in Adults† found out that assessment in a large Health Maintenance Organization Children may be direct witnesses to domestic violence, often seeing abusive incidents or hearing violence as it happens in their homes and families. As witnesses, children may be considered secondary victims and can be harmed psychologically and emotionally. According to a study published in 2003, over 15 million children in the U. S. lived in families where intimate partner violence had occurred at least once in the past year, and seven million children live in families in which severe partner violence occurred. The National Network to End Domestic Violence, (2009)on their studies entitled â€Å"Domestic Violence Counts 2008: A 24-hour Census of Domestic Violence Shelters and Services† found out that children can be displaced by the domestic violence when they seek shelter along with their abused parent. While statistics are not available globally, many shelters take in children as well as their abused parent. According to a study of domestic violence shelters and services in the U. S. , in a single day in 2008, 16,458 children were living in a domestic violence shelter or transitional housing facility, while an additional 6,430 children sought services at a non-residential program. Local Studies Evelyn Cantos(2009) on her Master’s Thesis entitled â€Å"Impact of Domestic Violence on Womens† found out that violence seriously affects women’s health. Women who reported violence were more likely to report poor general health and reported more physical symptoms of ill health, emotional distress, miscarriages